FIBROID UTERUS AND PCOD

FIBROID UTERUS

Uterine fibroids are tumors which grow from cells forming the  muscle of the uterus (womb), can grow on the uterine wall and push out into the bladder, bowel or intestine. They can also grow within the uterine wall, or even project from the wall of the uterus on a narrow stalk into the uterine cavity.

Fibroid is the commonest being and solid tumor of the uterus, between the ages 30-45, fibroids are the most common type of abnormal pelvic growth in women. They account for about one quarter of all hysterectomies, and not associated with malignancy, rarely develop into cancer, which is called a sarcoma. The risk that a sarcoma develops from a fibroid is estimated to be between 0.2 to 0.5%, sarcomas tend to develop in older women,. Generally, fibroids do not increase a woman’s risk for uterine cancer in female.

Histological this tumor is composed of smooth muscles and fibrous connective tissue – so named as   “Uterine Leiomyoma”, “Myoma” or “Fibromyoma”.

Every 10 minutes, 12 hysterectomies are performed. 9 of them probably did not meet the guidelines set out by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists for hysterectomy. The vast majority of hysterectomies are performed due to the presence of uterine fibroids.

Possibly as many as 80% of all women have uterine fibroids. While the majorities usually have no symptoms, 1 in 4 ends up with symptoms severe enough to require treatment.

PCOD (POLYCYSTIC OVARY DISEASE)

Described in 1935 by Stein and Leventhal as a syndrome manifested by amenorrhea, hirsutism and obesity associated with enlarged Polycystic ovaries.

This complex disorder is characterized by excessive androgen production by the ovaries / adrenals which interfere with growth of the ovarian follicle. Therefore PCOS is state of androgen excess and chronic an ovulation.

The incidence varies between 0.5% to 4%> More common amongst infertile women.

It is prevalence in young reproductive period.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a condition in which there is an imbalance of a woman's female sex hormones. This hormone imbalance may cause changes in the menstrual cycle, skin changes, small cysts in the ovaries, trouble getting pregnant and other problems.

The principle function of ovary is production of an eg each month for ovulation and the production of all the hormones necessary for normal reproduction. Many people assumed that polycystic ovarian disease is a purely ovarian disease but now we recognize that it is a fact, a systemic endocrine and metabolic of symptoms. Infertility, lack of periods, or extremely irregular periods, male body hair patterns, obesity and acne are very common symptoms. No two women are affected by PCOD in exactly the same way.

Ovary fails to expel the matured eggs in polycystic ovarian Disease and a small amount of fluid begins to acculate inside the immature follicles to form multiple cysts. the cysts then contribute to the hormonal imbalance. In order to make estrogen, the cells of the follicular cyst take androgen from the surrounding ovarian tissue and convert the androgen to estrogen. This is probably due to the genetic inheritance, high levels of insulin and thyroid pituitary dysfunction.

PCOD